EarthStation1 MediaOutlet News: Today's 15% Off Specials & #OnThisDay Commemorative Memorial Titles At EarthStation1.com!

Today's EarthStation1.com 15% Off Commemorative Memorial Title: Animation From The Crumbling Eastern Bloc MP4 Download Or DVD
Today, October 18, 2025

October 28; International Animation Day: -- It's time to get in touch with your inner child and remember when you thought the best thing you could do in life was to watch cartoons. Of course, maturity and sophistication have elevated your appreciation for moving static images so that, today, you share a worldwide interest in this creative art form and vibrant industry. In 2002, the International Animated Film Association (Association Internationale du Film d'Animation) created this unofficial holiday to commemorate the day when animation had its first public appearance. That was October 28, 1892, at the Grevin Museum in Paris, when Charles-Emile Reynaud and his Theatre Optique presented his first production, "Pantomimes Lumineuses." It was a collection of three cartoons, 'Pauvre Pierrot,' 'Un bon bock,' and 'Le Clown Et Ses Chiens.' It was 1888 when Reynaud patented Theatre Optique, a machine that produced images on a screen using 36 mirrors, two magic lanterns or supplementary lights that were the source of a stationary background, and a projector. The images were painted on a long band that would be wound up on two spools that had to be rotated by hand. Working the spools demanded some skill, so it was usually Reynaud's hand. Each of the three animations consisted of 500 to 600 individually painted images and ran for about 15 minutes. Reynaud acted as the projectionist and a piano player accompanied him. Actors on the side provided the dialogue. The show ran until 1900 and was seen by half a million people. By then, animation had begun to evolve. The next step forward was 'lumiere style,' which replaced hand-drawn images with photographs for a more realistic visual experience. Audiences embraced the more modern style and lost interest in the performances at the Grevin Museum. Reynaud had presented 12,800 shows. Reynaud did not adapt to change, and he suffered the consequences. In 1913, disillusioned and ruined financially, he smashed the last Theatre Optique machine with a hammer and threw most of his films into the Seine. On Sale @ 15% Off Discount Till Midnight PT! https://store.earthstation1.com/animation-from-the-crumbling-eastern-bloc-mp4-download-or-dvd.html

Today's EarthStation1.com 15% Off Commemorative Memorial Title: Immigration To The United States Documentaries DVD, MP4, USB Drive
Today, October 18, 2025

October 28: National Immigrants Day: -- The United States Of America is known as the world's melting pot, and today gives us a reason to reflect on just how unique that distinction is among the world's 195 sovereign nations. As Americans, we are proud of our long history of welcoming immigrants from all parts of the world and value their contributions that add zest to our nation's blend of cultures, customs, and traditions. America is the world's great experiment in freedom and individual rights, and unlike any other nation on our planet, it was founded and built entirely by immigrants. Americans are citizens either by birth or by choice, abiding under a common flag and constitution, united by its legacy as a land of freedom and opportunity. It is easy to forget that as a nation of immigrants, we are the sum of every idea and dream that ever stepped ashore with an immigrant seeking new opportunities in the United States. Most of those ideas and dreams passed through Ellis Island, America's first federal immigration center. Before 1890, the 42 individual states then comprising the United States of America regulated the flow of immigration into the United States. Europeans began fleeing political instability, restrictive religious laws, and deteriorating economic conditions in record numbers, leading to massive numbers of immigrants arriving on American shores by 1890. To ease the burden on individual states the federal government took over responsibility for processing immigrant arrivals. Ellis Island in New York Harbor opened in 1892 as an immigrant station, becoming the primary port of entry for most immigration into the U.S. after 1890. Immigrants also entered the U.S. through other port cities, including Boston, Philadelphia, Baltimore, San Francisco, Savannah, Miami, and New Orleans. Ellis Island was the busiest because New York was the preferred port of entry for most ships arriving in America. From opening day on January 1, 1890, until the day Ellis Island closed in November 1954, over 12 million immigrants passed through the Ellis Island immigration station, along with hopes and dreams of a better life for themselves and their families. Most of those Ellis Island immigrants shared a common dream: of becoming an American citizen. In return for pledging allegiance and loyalty to the United States and its Constitution, immigrants who chose to become naturalized citizens were rewarded with all the rights and privileges afforded U.S. citizens, and the freedom to pursue "life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness." As we celebrate National Immigrants Day, we also celebrate the determination, ingenuity, and spirit immigrants continue to add to our melting pot of cultures we call America. On Sale @ 15% Off Discount Till Midnight PT! https://store.earthstation1.com/immigration-to-the-united-states-dvd.html

Today's EarthStation1.com 15% Off Commemorative Memorial Title: The World: A Television History Documentary Series DVD, Download, USB
Today, October 18, 2025

October 28, 312: Rome: Ancient Rome: Roman Civil Wars And Revolts: The Roman Empire: Civil Wars Of The Roman Empire: Fourth Century Roman Civil Wars And Revolts: The Civil Wars Of The Tetrarchy: The Battles Of Constantine I: The Battle Of The Milvian Bridge: -- Constantine I defeats Maxentius on the sixth anniversary of the latter being proclaimed Roman Emperor, becoming thereby the sole Roman emperor in the West. The day prior, Constantine had had the Vision of the Cross, which inspired him to paint the Christian cross on the shields of his soldiers. Constantine's victory was to become the foundation of the Christian world that followed thereafter. On Sale @ 15% Off Discount Till Midnight PT! https://store.earthstation1.com/the-world-a-television-history-4-dual-layer-dvds-all-26-sh426.html

Today's EarthStation1.com 15% Off Commemorative Memorial Title: Gulliver's Travels 1939 Cartoon Feature Film DVD, Download, USB Drive
Today, October 18, 2025

October 28, 1726: First Publications: -- The novel Gulliver's Travels by the Anglo-Irish writer and clergyman Jonathan Swift is published by Benjamin Motte. "Gulliver's Travels, or Travels into Several Remote Nations of the World. In Four Parts. By Lemuel Gulliver, First a Surgeon, and then a Captain of Several Ships", is a satire of both human nature and the "travellers' tales" literary subgenre. It is Swift's best known full-length work, and a classic of English literature. Swift claimed that he wrote Gulliver's Travels "to vex the world rather than divert it". The book was an immediate success. The English dramatist John Gay remarked "It is universally read, from the cabinet council to the nursery." In 2015, Robert McCrum released his selection list of 100 best novels of all time in which Gulliver's Travels is listed as "a satirical masterpiece". Jonathan Swift (November 30, 1667 - October 19, 1745) was an Anglo-Irish satirist, essayist, political pamphleteer (first for the Whigs, then for the Tories), poet and cleric who became Dean of St Patrick's Cathedral, Dublin, hence his common sobriquet, "Dean Swift". Swift is remembered for works such as A Tale of a Tub (1704), An Argument Against Abolishing Christianity (1712), Gulliver's Travels (1726), and A Modest Proposal (1729). He is regarded by the Encyclopaedia Britannica as the foremost prose satirist in the English language, and is less well known for his poetry. He originally published all of his works under pseudonyms - such as Lemuel Gulliver, Isaac Bickerstaff, M. B. Drapier - or anonymously. He was a master of two styles of satire, the Horatian and Juvenalian styles. His deadpan, ironic writing style, particularly in A Modest Proposal, has led to such satire being subsequently termed "Swiftian". On Sale @ 15% Off Discount Till Midnight PT! https://store.earthstation1.com/gulliver39s-travels-dvd-remastered-1939-max-amp-dave-fle391939.html

Today's EarthStation1.com 15% Off Commemorative Memorial Title: Statue Of Liberty Films Collection DVD, Video Download, USB Drive
Today, October 18, 2025

October 28, 1886: Dedications: National Personifications: National Personifications Of The United States: National Monuments: National Monuments Of The United States: The Statue Of Liberty (Liberty Enlightening The World) (French: La Liberte Eclairant Le Monde): -- United States President Grover Cleveland dedicates The Statue Of Liberty on Bedloe's Island (now Liberty Island) in New York Harbor. The statue Liberty Enlightening The World was a gift from the people of France commemorating the French-American alliance during the American Revolutionary War. Designed by Frederic Auguste Bartholdi, the entire structure stands 300 feet (92.9 meters) tall. The pedestal contains the words: "Give me your tired, your poor, your huddled masses yearning to breathe free, the wretched refuse of your teeming shore. Send these, the homeless, tempest-tost to me, I lift my lamp beside the golden door!". The first ticker tape parade takes place in New York City when office workers spontaneously throw ticker tape into the streets as the statue is dedicated. On Sale @ 15% Off Discount Till Midnight PT! https://store.earthstation1.com/statue-of-liberty-dvd-historical-films.html

Today's EarthStation1.com 15% Off Commemorative Memorial Title: The Nobel Century Nobel Prize History TV Series DVD, MP4, USB Stick
Today, October 18, 2025

October 28, 1914: #BOTD: #HBD! Jonas Salk, American biologist, physician, virologist and medical researcher who discovered and developed one of the first successful polio vaccines (d. June 23, 1995) is #born into an Ashkenazi Jewish family in New York City. On Salk's 42nd birthday (June 23, 1957), Elvis Presley received a polio vaccination on national TV. This single event is credited with raising immunization levels in the United States from 0.6% to over 80% in just six months. On April 12, 1955, the inactivated polio vaccine he developed was declared safe and effective. The first successful demonstration of a polio vaccine was by Hilary Koprowski in 1950, with a live attenuated virus which people drank. This vaccine, however, was not approved in the United States. An inactivated polio vaccine, developed a few years later by Jonas Salk, came into use in 1955. Another oral polio vaccine was developed by Albert Sabin and came into commercial use in 1961. It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines, the safest and most effective medicines needed in a health system. Polio vaccines are vaccines used to prevent poliomyelitis (polio). Two types are used: an inactivated poliovirus given by injection (IPV) and a weakened poliovirus given by mouth (OPV). The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends all children be fully vaccinated against polio. The two vaccines have eliminated polio from most of the world, and reduced the number of cases reported each year from an estimated 350,000 in 1988 to 33 in 2018. The inactivated polio vaccines are very safe. Mild redness or pain may occur at the site of injection. Oral polio vaccines cause about three cases of vaccine-associated paralytic poliomyelitis per million doses given. This compares with 5,000 cases per million who are paralysed following a polio infection. Both are generally safe to give during pregnancy and in those who have HIV/AIDS but are otherwise well. The wholesale cost in the developing world is about 0.25 USD per dose for the oral form as of 2014. In the United States, it costs between 25-50 USD for the inactivated form. Salk's not recieving the Nobel Prize for his vaccine is considered one of history's biggest Nobel prize snubs. Although Salk never received a Nobel Prize for his work, the Salk Institute for Biological Studies in La Jolla, Calif. has trained five Nobel Laureates. It is left to speculation as to why nominations highlighting the contributions of scientists such as Jonas Salk, Hilary Koprowski, and Albert Sabin in the development of poliovirus vaccines have not been recognized by a Nobel Prize. On Sale @ 15% Off Discount Till Midnight PT! https://store.earthstation1.com/the-nobel-century-nobel-prize-history-tv-series-dvd-mp4-us4.htmld

Today's EarthStation1.com 15% Off Commemorative Memorial Title: TV Commercials: The Classics Vol. 1 DVD, Video Download, USB Drive
Today, October 18, 2025

October 28, 1942: Highway Systems: American Highway Systems: Canadian Highway Systems: The Alaska Highway (The Alcan Highway, The Alaskan Highway, The Alaska-Canadian Highway): -- The contiguous United States is first connected to the territory (later state) of Alaska when the The Alcan Highway (The [Al]aska-[Can]ada Highway) that spans the Canadan province of British Columbia is completed at Fairbanks, Alaska. It was constructed during World War II for the purpose of connecting several Canadian highways in Dawson Creek, British Columbia to Delta Junction, Alaska, via Whitehorse, Yukon. Completed in 1942 at a length of approximately 1,700 miles (2,700 km), as of 2012 it is 1,387 mi (2,232 km) long. The difference in distance is due to constant reconstruction of the highway, which has rerouted and straightened out numerous sections. The highway was opened to the public in 1948. Legendary over many decades for being a rough, challenging drive, the highway is now paved over its entire length; in 1957 Chevrolet, in order to sell the ruggedness of its Task Force '57 line of trucks, famously advertised them on television as "Champs of the Alcan Run". Its component highways are British Columbia Highway 97, Yukon Highway 1 and Alaska Route 2. An informal system of historic mileposts developed over the years to denote major stopping points; Delta Junction, at the end of the highway, makes reference to its location at "Historic Milepost 1422." The Alaska Highway is popularly (but unofficially) considered part of the Pan-American Highway, which extends south (despite its discontinuity in Panama) to Argentina. On Sale @ 15% Off Discount Till Midnight PT! https://store.earthstation1.com/tv-commercials-the-classics-vol-1-dv1.html

Today's EarthStation1.com 15% Off Commemorative Memorial Title: The Machine That Changed The World: The Computer DVD MP4 Download
Today, October 18, 2025

October 28, 1955: #BOTD: #HBD! Bill Gates, business magnate, software developer, investor, author, and philanthropist, co-founder of Microsoft along with his late childhood friend Paul Allen, is #born William Henry Gates III in Seattle, Washington. During his career at Microsoft, Gates held the positions of chairman, chief executive officer (CEO), president and chief software architect, while also being the largest individual shareholder until May 2014. He was a major entrepreneur of the microcomputer revolution of the 1970s and 1980s. Gates was born and raised in Seattle, Washington. In 1975, he and Allen founded Microsoft in Albuquerque, New Mexico. It became the world's largest personal computer software company. Gates led the company as chairman and CEO until stepping down as CEO in January 2000, succeeded by Steve Ballmer, but he remained chairman of the board of directors and became chief software architect. During the late 1990s, he was criticized for his business tactics, which have been considered anti-competitive. This opinion has been upheld by numerous court rulings. In June 2008, Gates transitioned to a part-time role at Microsoft and full-time work at the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, the private charitable foundation he and his then-wife, Melinda Gates, established in 2000. He stepped down as chairman of the board of Microsoft in February 2014 and assumed a new post as technology adviser to support the newly appointed CEO Satya Nadella. In March 2020, Gates left his board positions at Microsoft and Berkshire Hathaway to focus on his philanthropic efforts on climate change, global health and development, and education. Since 1987, Gates has been included in the Forbes list of the world's wealthiest people. From 1995 to 2017, he held the Forbes title of the richest person in the world every year except from 2010 to 2013. In October 2017, he was surpassed by Amazon founder and CEO Jeff Bezos, who had an estimated net worth of US$90.6 billion compared to Gates's net worth of 89.9B USD at the time. As of October 2022, Gates had an estimated net worth of 107B USD, making him the fifth-richest person in the world. Later in his career and since leaving day-to-day operations at Microsoft in 2008, Gates has pursued many business and philanthropic endeavors. He is the founder and chairman of several companies, including BEN, Cascade Investment, bgC3, and TerraPower. He has given sizable amounts of money to various charitable organizations and scientific research programs through the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, reported to be the world's largest private charity. Through the foundation, he led an early 21st century vaccination campaign that significantly contributed to the eradication of the wild poliovirus in Africa. In 2010, Gates and Warren Buffett founded The Giving Pledge, whereby they and other billionaires pledge to give at least half of their wealth to philanthropy. On Sale @ 15% Off Discount Till Midnight PT! https://store.earthstation1.com/the-machine-that-changed-the-world-the-computer-dvd-mp4-downloa4.html

Today's EarthStation1.com 15% Off Commemorative Memorial Title: The Cuban Missile Crisis: At The Brink + Bonus MP4 Download DVD
Today, October 18, 2025

October 28, 1962: Cuba: The History Of Cuba: The Aftermath Of World War II: The Cold War: The Cold War (1962-1979): The Cuban Cold War: The Cuban Missile Crisis: -- A nuclear World War III is narrowly averted with the announcement by Nikita Khrushchev that the Soviet government was halting construction of bases in Cuba and would remove offensive missiles. President Kennedy immediately accepted the offer then lifted the U.S. naval blockade of Cuba. On October 22, 1962: President John F. Kennedy delivered an Oval Office Address on television, an Address To The Nation to inform Americans of the existence of Soviet missiles in Cuba. The President demanded their removal and announced a naval "quarantine" of Cuba. Nuclear war between the United States and the Soviet Union was at that point imminent, and it remained so until six days later, when the Soviets announced via Radio Moscow that they would remove the weapons. When President Kennedy was informed of Soviet medium range R-12 Dvina theatre ballistic missiles (NATO reporting name: SS-4 Sandal) and their launch facilities having been installed in Cuba, he then convened a meeting of the nine members of the National Security Council and five other key advisers in a group that became known as the Executive Committee of the National Security Council (EXCOMM). After consultation with them, Kennedy ordered a naval blockade on October 22 to prevent further missiles from reaching Cuba. The US announced it would not permit offensive weapons to be delivered to Cuba and demanded that the weapons already in Cuba be dismantled and returned to the Soviet Union. After several days of tense and dangerous negotiations, an agreement was reached between Kennedy and Khrushchev. Publicly, the Soviets would dismantle their offensive weapons in Cuba and return them to the Soviet Union, subject to United Nations verification, in exchange for a US public declaration and agreement to avoid invading Cuba again. Secretly, the United States agreed that it would dismantle all US-built Jupiter MRBMs, which had been deployed in Turkey against the Soviet Union; there has been debate on whether or not Italy was included in the agreement as well. When all offensive missiles and Ilyushin Il-28 light bombers had been withdrawn from Cuba, the blockade was formally ended on November 21, 1962. The negotiations between the United States and the Soviet Union pointed out the necessity of a quick, clear, and direct communication line between the two Superpowers. As a result, the Moscow-Washington hotline was established. A series of agreements later reduced US-Soviet tensions for several years until both parties began to build their nuclear arsenals even further. On Sale @ 15% Off Discount Till Midnight PT! https://store.earthstation1.com/the-cuban-missile-crisis-at-the-brink-dvd-mp4-download-usb-driv4.html

Today's EarthStation1.com 15% Off Commemorative Memorial Title: The Longest Hatred: Antisemitism & Jewish Persecution DVD, MP4, USB
Today, October 18, 2025

October 28, 1965: The History Of Religion: Abrahamic Religions: Christianity: The History Of Roman Catholicism: Catholic Ecumenical Councils (Ecumenical Councils Of The Catholic Church): The Second Vatican Council (The Second Ecumenical Council Of The Vatican, Vatican II): Nostra Aetate (Latin: "In Our Rime") (The Declaration On The Relation Of The Church With Non-Christian Religions): -- The Roman Catholic Church, on the 1,653th anniversary of Constantine I's victory at The Battle Of The Milvian Bridge, officially recognizes the legitimacy of non-Christian faiths, and specifically absolves the Jews of responsibility for the death of Jesus, by a vote of 2,221 to 88 of the assembled bishops at The Second Vatican Council, and is thereafter promulgated by Pope Paul VI, reversing Innocent III's 760-year-old declaration. It is the shortest of the 16 final documents of the Second Vatican Council and "the first in Catholic history to focus on the relationship that Catholics have with Jews." It "reveres the work of God in all the major faith traditions." It begins by stating its purpose of reflecting on what humankind have in common in these times when people are being drawn closer together. Pope John XXIII had originally conceived it as an expression of the relationship between the Catholic Church and the Jews. Over the course of several substantial revisions, the focus of the document was broadened to address relationships with several faiths. Opposition from conservative elements in the Church was overcome and support was gained from Jewish organisations. On Sale @ 15% Off Discount Till Midnight PT! https://store.earthstation1.com/the-longest-hatred-antisemitism-amp-jewish-persecution-dvd-mp3-us3.html

Today's EarthStation1.com #OnThisDay Commemorative Memorial Title: TV Commercials: The Classics Vol. 2 DVD, Video Download, USB Drive
Today, October 18, 2025
October 28: Wild Foods Day: -- A holiday dedicated to wildflowers, fruits, and veggies. Humans have consumed plants and gathered food from the wild for thousands of years. However, these wild foods are now increasingly appearing on menus in gourmet restaurants and raw food restaurants due to them being trendy. In addition, wild foods are free of preservatives and pesticides, and consuming them contributes to an environmentally conscious lifestyle. Wild foods are believed to have been in existence for over 40 million years. Wild food, generally, can be any edible plant that grows naturally without human intervention or any animal taken from its native environment for human use. It is easy to observe that the Earth is brimming with wild foods. Animals such as deer, elk, goose, turkey, and others are considered wild in the United States. In addition, various fruits and vegetables grow wild in many parts of the nation. Berry bushes of many sorts offer tasty fruits, and mushrooms cover the woodland floor. According to experts, there are approximately 2,000 edible and medicinal mushroom types worldwide. Nuts, herbs, tree fruits, and cactus pads are among more foods that grow independently, even in cities. In many cases, wild foods are more nutritious than their farmed counterparts. This is most likely due to their natural survival mechanisms. For example, some plants grow thorns or emit an unpleasant odor to prevent predators, while others produce bitter-tasting chemical compounds. These substances are known as phytochemicals, and research reveals that these can offer us health benefits if consumed regularly. Wild Foods Day started being mentioned regularly in the print media around 1974. Euell Gibbons, a wild food enthusiast, who became a minor media celebrity, most likely inspired the popularity of this day. He is best known for his debut book, "Stalking the Wild Asparagus." Wild Foods Day is a celebration of all things wild and delicious that the planet has to offer. https://store.earthstation1.com/tv-commercials-the-classics-vol-2-dv2.html

Today's EarthStation1.com #OnThisDay Commemorative Memorial Title: Yours Truly Johnny Dollar Radio Series MP3 DVD, Download, USB Drive
Today, October 18, 2025
October 28: National Chocolate Day: -- Today is a special tribute to mankind's greatest culinary invention (Sorry, pizza!) Chocolate can enhance even the most luxurious dessert items. On the other hand, you can get your fix from a simple candy bar. Hint: Try for chocolate with a "high cacao" percentage and low added sugar. The history of chocolate goes back 2,500 years. Aztecs loved their newly discovered liquid chocolate to the extent that they believed Quetzalcoatl, the god of wisdom, literally bestowed it upon them. Cacao seeds acted as a form of currency. And this was back in the "bitter" chocolate days - before they added sugar! Once chocolate turned sweet - in 16th-century Europe - the masses caught on and turned chocolate into a powerhouse treat. Several present-day chocolate companies began operations in the 19th and early 20th centuries. Cadbury started in England by 1868. Milton S. Hershey, 25 years later, purchased chocolate processing equipment at the World's Columbian Exposition in Chicago He started the company by producing chocolate-coated caramels. Nestle, dating back to the 1860s, has grown into one of the largest food conglomerates in the world. Did you know that chocolate is a fermented food? That's right, once the cacao pods are picked, cleaned of pithy white material from the fruit and dried, the cacao beans are fermented. The papery shell is removed and cacao nibs are revealed. Chocolatiers then grind them into cocoa mass, separate them into cocoa solids and cocoa butter, and combine them with milk and sugar, or in the case of white chocolate, just the chocolate butter with milk and sugar. Today there's a move toward dark chocolate since it contains far less sugar. Ghana, Ecuador, and the Ivory Coast,all near the equator, have ideal climates for cacao trees and produce some of the world's best chocolate. It's best to look for dark chocolate from those regions. But there's a dark side. Child labor has become a serious issue. When you purchase "fair trade chocolate," you're working to help make cocoa farming more sustainable. Keep this in mind and choose your chocolate wisely. https://store.earthstation1.com/yours-truly-johnny-dollar-old-time-radio-dual-layer-mp3-dv3.html

Today's EarthStation1.com #OnThisDay Commemorative Memorial Title: Remember When: The Image Makers US Advertising Dick Cavett DVD MP4 USB
Today, October 18, 2025
October 28: Plush Animal Lover's Day: -- An annual appreciation day for every stuffed animal where owners give them the extra love and care they deserve. Make no mistake, today is not just for kids - it's also for the kids at heart. From toddlers, and adults, to plushie collectors, this holiday is dedicated to celebrating your favorite childhood friend, confidant, memory keeper, and playmate. As simple as it may seem, every stuffed toy has countless stories for many people. From their earliest childhood recollection to a pleasant memory, plushies are meaningful mementos to individuals who collect and treasure them. Stuffed animals didn't start as toys in ancient history. However, records show that creating an animal replica has always been a staple in many cultures. From carved and chiseled animals made out of wood to paintings of aristocratic families' favorite pets, the desire to immortalize a beloved animal has long existed in history. But the true origin of a stuffed animal dated back to the 1880s during the Roman times when rag dolls in animal shapes were in fashion. These dolls were made out of old fabric scraps filled with straw and designed for poor children who couldn't afford wooden dolls. Modern stuffed toys were first produced in 1880 by Margarete Steiff. She started making stuffed elephants as pincushions. She began manufacturing them the moment she noticed that children loved them. Within 6 years, she had already sold more than 5,000 stuffed animals. In 1890, her company started producing other stuffed animals like dogs, pigs, and cats that she designed herself. The moment when stuffed animals truly entered the zeitgeist was when American President Theodore 'Teddy' Roosevelt went on a hunting trip but spared a bearcub from being shot. This moment was drawn by "The Washington Post" as a cartoon for their editorial section. This was made even more popular when a shop owner called Morris Michtom replicated the cartoon by creating a stuffed bear animal he later called 'Teddy Bear.' Later that year, Margarete Steiff started producing Teddy Bears as well. The popularity of stuffed animals continued in the 20th century as companies started mass-producing plushies - from Grund and Mattel, Disney, to Warner Bros. By then, stuffed animals have become a childhood staple that continues even up to this day. The origin of the Plush Animal Lover's Day remains unclear, but others consider it a response to the Teddy Bear's Picnic Day celebrated on July 10. The only difference is Plush Animal Lover's Day is for all types of stuffed animals. https://store.earthstation1.com/remember-when-image-makers-dvd-us-advertising-dick-cavett.html

Today's EarthStation1.com #OnThisDay Commemorative Memorial Title: September 11th Attacks MP3s, MPGs & JPGs CD, Download, USB Flash Drive
Today, October 18, 2025
October 28: National First Responders Day: -- Recognizes the heroic men and women who make it their business to take immediate action when disaster strikes. Not sure what a first responder does? Just think about 9/11 for a moment. Firefighters, police, paramedics, and more - rushing into Lower Manhattan. Whether you've had your own emergency or not, it's not hard to understand and appreciate the dangerous and difficult work they do. Congress designated October 28th as National First Responders Day in 2017. The resolution honors the firefighters, police officers, EMTs, and all those who are first on the scene in stressful situations. Notably, the family of Sean Collier, a police officer ambushed and murdered during events related to the 2013 Boston Marathon bombing, supported the resolution. A 1966 federal study called Accidental Death and Disability: The Neglected Disease of Modern Society named accidental injuries as the "leading cause of death in the first half of life's span." Further, the report showed that vehicle accidents during 1965 alone killed more Americans than were lost in the Korean War - and stated that seriously wounded citizens would fare better in a war zone than on the average city street. The report also identified a lack of regulation or standards for ambulance operations or provider training. The authors made several recommendations for both managing and preventing accidental injuries, including the standardization of emergency training for "rescue squad personnel, policemen, firemen and ambulance attendants." This standardization led to the first nationally recognized curriculum for EMTs (emergency medical technicians). Professional training today can take anywhere from one to three years. Candidates learn life support techniques in first-response situations, including CPR, tourniquet application, and treatment of wounds. Paramedics deliver more advanced procedures and therefore require more extensive education and training. https://store.earthstation1.com/september-11th-attacks-mp3s-mpgs-jpgs-cd-usb-dr113.html

Today's EarthStation1.com #OnThisDay Commemorative Memorial Title: The Old Time Radio Drama MP3 MegaSet DVD, Audio Download, USB Stick
Today, October 18, 2025
October 28: National Internal Medicine Day: -- Recognizes the impact of approximately 300,000 Internal Medicine Physicians in the United States. Internal Medicine Physicians, also known as internists, are the cornerstone of comprehensive health care. They are experts in complexity who see every connection in the adult human body. They serve, and lead, in a variety of settings. Their expertise is vital to patients, medical professionals, and health care. Internal Medicine Physicians specialize in adult medicine. They are specially trained to solve diagnostic problems, manage severe long-term illnesses, and help patients with multiple, complex chronic conditions. They see the big picture, and their deep training and knowledge give them a unique perspective of how everything works in unison. They provide comprehensive, longitudinal patient care and have life-long relationships with adult patients. Often, other medical professionals call upon Internal Medicine Physicians for their ability to connect the dots, help solve problems, and identify solutions. Some Internal Medicine Physicians also pursue additional training to subspecialize in a specific area of internal medicine. This specialized training includes Cardiology, Endocrinology, Gastroenterology, Rheumatology, and Infectious diseases. Internal Medicine Physicians serve and lead in a variety of settings, such as private practices, clinics, hospitals, and health systems. Conducting research, teaching in medical schools and residency programs are a few areas internists offer their expertise. They also hold leadership positions in business, technology, and government settings. National Internal Medicine Day was established in 2019 by the National Day Calendar and the American College of Physicians (ACP) to recognize the contributions of internal medicine physicians who are united by a commitment to excellence around the globe. Representing approximately 160,000 Internal Medicine Physicians, the ACP consists of internal medicine specialists, subspecialists, and medical students. In fact, the organization is the largest medical-specialty society in the world, and its mission is to enhance the quality and effectiveness of health care by fostering excellence and professionalism in the practice of medicine. Founded in 1915, the ACP promotes the science and practice of medicine. Since its founding, the ACP supports Internal Medicine Physicians in their quest for excellence and shares the most updated medical knowledge. In addition, it also offers top-notch educational resources, practice resources, and demonstrates their commitment to internal medicine and those who practice it. The physicians of ACP lead the profession in education. Through a standard-setting, they share knowledge to advance the science and practice of internal medicine. https://store.earthstation1.com/the-old-time-radio-drama-mp3-dvd-megase3.html

Today's EarthStation1.com #OnThisDay Commemorative Memorial Title: Great Days Of The Century: World War II TV Series DVD, Download, USB
Today, October 18, 2025
October 28: Ohi Day (Oxi Day, Ochi Day: -- October 28, 1940: The European Civil War: World War II: The Second European War (The European Theater Of World War II): The Mediterranean And Middle East Theater Of World War II (The Mediterranean Theater Of War) The Balkans Campaign (World War II): The Greco-Italian War (The Italo-Greek War, The Italian Campaign Kn Greece, The War Of '40): Ohi Day (Oxi Day, Ochi Day): -- Greek prime minister Ioannis Metaxas rejects an ultimatum made by Italian dictator Benito Mussolini shortly after 03:00 am to allow Axis forces to enter Greek territory and occupy certain unspecified "strategic locations" or otherwise face war. Metaxas allegedly answered Mussolini with the single word "Ohi!" ("No!"); in fact, his actual reply was, "Alors, c'est la guerre!" (Then it is war!). In response to Metaxas' refusal, Italian troops stationed in Albania, then an Italian protectorate, attacked the Greek border at 05:30 am, beginning Greece's participation in World War II (see Greco-Italian War and the Battle of Greece). Immediately afterwards, the Greek population, unprompted and irrespective of political affiliation, shouting "Ohi!:, took to the streets, followed by a spirited Hellenic counterattack against the invading Italian forces at the mountains of Pindus during the Greco-Italian War and Greek Resistance during the Axis occupation. From 1942 onwards, October 28 has been celebrated as Ohi Day, first mostly among the members of the resistance and after the war by all the Greeks. https://store.earthstation1.com/great-days-of-the-century-world-war-ii-all-3-episodes-dual-layer-dv3.html

Today's EarthStation1.com #OnThisDay Commemorative Memorial Title: Czechoslovakia: The Long Wait For Revolution DVD, Download, USB Drive
Today, October 18, 2025
October 28: Czech Founding Day: -- October 28, 1918: The Aftermath Of World War I: Revolutions Of 1917-1923: The Interwar Period (The Aftermath Of World War I, The Interbellum, Between The Wars): The History Of Czechoslovakia (1918-1938): The First Czechoslovak Republic (The First Republic): The Czechoslovakian Declaration Of Independence From The Austro-Hungarian Empire: -- Czech politicians peacefully take over the city of Prague, where they establish the First Czechoslovak Republic Czechoslovakia by declaring independence from Austria-Hungary, creating an independent Czechoslovak state after 300 years of Austro-Hungarian rule. The First Czechoslovak Republic (Czech: Prvni Ceskoslovenska Republika, Slovak: Prva Cesko-Slovenska Republika), often colloquially referred to as the First Republic (Czech: Prvni Republika), was the first Czechoslovak state that existed from 1918 to 1938, dominated by ethnic Czechs and Slovaks, the country was commonly called Czechoslovakia (Czech and Slovak: Ceskoslovensko), a compound of Czech and Slovak; which gradually became the most widely used name for its successor states. It was composed of former territories of Austria-Hungary, inheriting different systems of administration from the formerly Austrian (Bohemia, Moravia, a small part of Silesia) and Hungarian territories (mostly Upper Hungary and Carpathian Ruthenia). After 1933, Czechoslovakia remained the only de facto functioning democracy in Central Europe, organized as a parliamentary republic. Under pressure from its Sudeten German minority, supported by neighbouring Nazi Germany, Czechoslovakia was forced to cede its Sudetenland region to Germany on 1 October 1938 as part of the Munich Agreement. It also ceded southern parts of Slovakia and Carpathian Ruthenia to Hungary and the Zaolzie region in Silesia to Poland. This, in effect, ended the First Czechoslovak Republic. It was replaced by the Second Czechoslovak Republic, which lasted less than half a year before Germany occupied the rest of Czechoslovakia in March 1939. https://store.earthstation1.com/czechoslovakia-the-long-wait-for-spring-dvd-1988-cold1988.html

Today's EarthStation1.com #OnThisDay Commemorative Memorial Title: Pope Pius XII Documentary Eugenio Pacelli Biography DVD, Download, USB
Today, October 18, 2025
October 28, 1958: The History Of Religion: Abrahamic Religions: Christianity: The History Of Roman Catholicism: Papal Conclaves: The 1958 Papal Conclave: The 1958 Papal Conclave: - John XXIII is elected Pope on the anniversary of Constantine I's victory at The Battle Of The Milvian Bridge, an election held after the death of the prior Pope, Pius XII. Pope John XXIII (Latin: Ioannes; Italian: Giovanni; born Angelo Giuseppe Roncalli; November 25, 1881 - June 3, 1963) was head of the Catholic Church and sovereign of the Vatican City State from October 28, 1958 to his death in 1963 and was canonized on Apri 27, 2014. Angelo Giuseppe Roncalli was the fourth of fourteen children born to a family of sharecroppers who lived in a village in Lombardy. He was ordained to the priesthood on 10 August 1904 and served in a number of posts, as nuncio in France and a delegate to Bulgaria, Greece and Turkey. In a consistory on January 12, 1953 Pope Pius XII made Roncalli a cardinal as the Cardinal-Priest of Santa Prisca in addition to naming him as the Patriarch of Venice. Roncalli was unexpectedly elected pope on October 28, 1958 at age 76 after 11 ballots. He was the first pope to take the pontifical name of "John" upon election in more than 500 years, and his choice settled the complicated question of official numbering attached to this papal name. Pope John XXIII surprised those who expected him to be a caretaker pope by calling the historic Second Vatican Council (1962-1965), the first session opening on October 11, 1962. His passionate views on equality were summed up in his statement, "We were all made in God's image, and thus, we are all Godly alike." https://store.earthstation1.com/pope-pius-xii-dvd-cardinal-secretary-of-state-eugenio-pacelli1.html

Today's EarthStation1.com #OnThisDay Commemorative Memorial Title: Benito Mussolini Documentaries DVD, MP4 Video Download, USB Drive
Today, October 18, 2025
October 28, 1922: The Aftermath Of World War I: Aftermath Of World War I In Italy: 20th Century Revolutions: The Revolutions Of 1917-1923: The Interwar Period (The Aftermath Of World War I, The Interbellum, Between The Wars): Fascist Revolts: Riots And Civil Disorder In Italy: Fascist And Anti-Fascist Violence In Italy (1919-1926): Italian Fascism: The March On Rome: -- In accordance with the National Fascist Party leaders' planned insurrection, Italian fascist blackshirts that had begun a march starting in Naples arrive in Rome and hold an organized mass demonstration. Prime Minister Luigi Facta wished to declare a state of siege, but this was overruled by King Victor Emmanuel III. On the following day, October 29, 1922, the King appointed Mussolini as Prime Minister, surrendering democratic rule and effectively handing over the Italian government to the fascists without armed conflict, which immediately resulted in the formation of a dictatorship under Benito Mussolini. https://store.earthstation1.com/benito-mussolini-dvd-wwii-documentaries.html

Today's EarthStation1.com #OnThisDay Commemorative Memorial Title: Communism With Tanks: Hungarian & East Bloc Revolutions DVD, MP4, USB
Today, October 18, 2025
October 28, 1956: The Aftermath Of World War II: The Cold War: The Eastern Bloc (The Communist Bloc, The Socialist Bloc, The Soviet Bloc): Cold War Rebellions: Anti-Communist Insurgencies In Central And Eastern Europe: The Hungarian Revolution Of 1956 (The Hungarian Uprising): -- A de facto ceasefire that lasts until November 4 comes into effect between armed revolutionaries and Soviet troops who begin to withdraw from Budapest, leading many Hungarians to believe that Soviet military units were withdrawing from Hungary. Communist officials and facilities come under attack by revolutionaries. To realize their political, economic, and social demands, the local soviets (councils of workers) assumed control of municipal government from the Hungarian Working People's Party (Magyar Dolgozok Partja). The new government of Imre Nagy disbanded the AVH, declared the Hungarian withdrawal from the Warsaw Pact, and pledged to re-establish free elections. By the end of October the intense fighting had subsided. Although initially willing to negotiate the withdrawal of the Soviet Army from Hungary, the USSR repressed the Hungarian Revolution on November 4, 1956, and fought the Hungarian revolutionaries until November 10; repression of the Hungarian Uprising killed 2,500 Hungarians and 700 Soviet Army soldiers, and compelled 200,000 Hungarians to seek political refuge abroad. The Hungarian Revolution Of 1956 (October 23 - November 10, 1956; Hungarian: 1956-Os Forradalom), also known as the Hungarian Uprising, was a countrywide revolution against the government of the Hungarian People's Republic (1949-1989) and the Hungarian domestic policies imposed by the Soviet Union (USSR). The Hungarian Revolution began on October 23, 1956 in Budapest when university students appealed to the civil populace to join them at the Hungarian Parliament Building to protest against the USSR's geopolitical domination of Hungary with the Stalinist government of Matyas Rakosi. A delegation of students entered the building of Hungarian Radio to broadcast their sixteen demands for political and economic reforms to the civil society of Hungary, but they were instead detained by security guards. When the student protestors outside the radio building demanded the release of their delegation of students, policemen from the AVH (Allamvedelmi Hatosag) state protection authority shot and killed several protestors. Consequently, Hungarians organized into revolutionary militias to fight against the AVH; local Hungarian communist leaders and AVH policemen were captured and summarily killed or lynched; and anti-communist political prisoners were released and armed. On October 26, 1956, in the towns of Mosonmagyarovar and Esztergom, Hungarian secret police forces massacre civilians. As rebel strongholds in Budapest hold, fighting spreads throughout the country. In the town of Kecskemet, outside the office of State Security and the local jail, Hungarian Army's Third Corps, led by Major General Lajos Gyurko, shot seven anti-communist protestors and arrested the organizers of the anti-Soviet protest. On Gyurko's orders, Hungarian Air Force fighter planes shot up demonstrators with cannon fire in various towns, earning the praise of Hungarian communist leader and the General Secretary of the Hungarian Socialist Workers' Party Janos Kadar, who after the defeat of the "counter-revolution" called Gyorko "the only division commander who, at the call of the party organisation, swept the Danube-Tisza Interfluve six times, smashing everything". A ceasefire that followed this two days later as it appeared the Soviet Union had given in to Hungary's demands; by November 4, the Soviets were back, and remained until 1989. https://store.earthstation1.com/communism-with-tanks-dvd-hungarian-east-bloc-revolutions.html

Today's EarthStation1.com #OnThisDay Commemorative Memorial Title: Columbus & The Age Of Discovery TV Series + Bonus MP4 Download DVD Set
Today, October 18, 2025
October 28, 1492: The Age Of Discovery (The Age Of Exploration): The Voyages Of Christopher Columbus: The First Voyage Of Christopher Columbus: -- Christopher Columbus, commanding his three ships La Pinta, La Nina and the Santa Maria, having discovered Cuba the day before on October 27, 1492, lands on the northeast coast of Cuba near what is now Bariay, Holguin Province, and explores the area, which he believed to be part of China. Columbus claimed the island for the new Kingdom of Spain and named it Isla Juana after John, Prince of Asturias. Writers who believe that Christopher Columbus was Portuguese, rather than Italian as is the well-grounded consensus, state that Cuba was named by Columbus for the town of Cuba in the district of Beja in Portugal. Before the arrival of the Spanish, Cuba was inhabited by two distinct tribes of indigenous peoples of the Americas: 1) the Taino (including the Ciboney people), a historic Indigenous people of the Caribbean, whose culture has been continued today by Taino descendant communities and Taino revivalist communities, and 2) the Guanahatabey (also spelled Guanajatabey), an indigenous people of whom archaeological and historical studies suggest were archaic hunter-gatherers with a distinct language and culture from their neighbors, the Taino. When Columbus arrived, the Taino were the dominant culture in Cuba, having an estimated population of 150,000. The Taino were farmers, as well as fishers and hunter-gatherers. https://store.earthstation1.com/columbus-and-the-age-of-discovery-epic-7-hourlong-episode-tv-serie7.html

Today's EarthStation1.com #OnThisDay Commemorative Memorial Title: The Genius That Was China Documentary Series DVD, Download, USB Drive
Today, October 18, 2025
October 28, 1420: China: The History Of China: Imperial China: The Ming Dynasty (The Great Ming): Beijing: The Imperial City (The Imperial City, Beijing): The Forbidden City: -- Beijing is officially designated the capital of the Ming dynasty when the Forbidden City, the seat of government, is completed. The Forbidden City (Chinese: Zijincheng) is a palace complex in Dongcheng District, Beijing, China, and with a total area of 720,000 square meters (180 acres), it is the largest palace in the world. However, other Chinese imperial residences far exceed it in size, namely the 6.1 square kilometer Zhongnanhai which lies just west of the Forbidden City, the 2.9 square kilometer Summer Palace in Haidian District, Beijing, and the 5.6 square kilometer Chengde Mountain Resort in Chengde, Hebei Province. It lies at the center of the Imperial City of Beijing, and the city is built around the palace complex. It is surrounded by numerous opulent imperial gardens and temples including 54-acre Zhongshan Park, the sacrificial Imperial Ancestral Temple, the 171-acre Beihai Park and the 57-acre Jingshan Park. Today, the Forbidden City houses the Palace Museum, and was the former Chinese imperial palace and winter residence of the Emperor of China from the Ming dynasty (since the Yongle Emperor) to the end of the Qing dynasty, between 1420 and 1924. The Forbidden City served as the home of Chinese emperors and their households and was the ceremonial and political center of the Chinese government for almost 500 years. Constructed from 1406 to 1420, the complex consists of 980 buildings, reportedly encompassing 9,999 rooms and covering 72 hectares (over 180 acres). The palace exemplifies the opulence of the residences of the Chinese emperor and the traditional Chinese palatial architecture, and has influenced cultural and architectural developments in East Asia and elsewhere. The Forbidden City was declared a World Heritage Site in 1987, and is listed by UNESCO as the largest collection of preserved ancient wooden structures in the world. Since 1925, the Forbidden City has been under the charge of the Palace Museum, whose extensive collection of artwork and artifacts were built upon the imperial collections of the Ming and Qing dynasties. Part of the museum's former collection is now in the National Palace Museum in Taipei. Both museums descend from the same institution but were split after the Chinese Civil War. Since 2012, the Forbidden City has seen an average of 14 million visitors annually, and received more than 19 million visitors in 2019. The Forbidden City's market value has been estimated at more than $70 billion, making it both the world's most valuable palace and the most valuable piece of real estate anywhere in the world. https://store.earthstation1.com/the-genius-that-was-china-dvd-tv-documentary-series-2-disc-se2.html

Today's EarthStation1.com #OnThisDay Commemorative Memorial Title: Top Gun And Beyond: The Evolution Of Fighter Aircraft DVD MP4 USB
Today, October 18, 2025
October 28, 1916: #DOTD: #RIP: Oswald Boelcke, German captain, Pour le Merite recipient World War I flying ace, reknowned as the "Father Of Air Fighting Tactics" (b. May 19, 1891) #dies when his Fokker Eindecker fighter plane collided in mid-air with that of his fellow Jagdstaffel 2 airman and best friend Erwin Boehme. Although the crash seemed survivable, Boelcke was not wearing his crash helmet, nor was his safety belt fastened. He died of a fractured skull. Boehme returned to base and overturned while landing, blanking the accident from his mind in his distress. He lamented, "Destiny is generally cruelly stupid in her choices..." but he was exonerated by an enquiry. Pilots from Jagdstaffel 2 rushed forward to the artillery position where Boelcke had crashed, hoping he was still alive. The gunners handed over his body to them. Despite Boelcke being Protestant, his memorial service was held in the Catholic Cambrai Cathedral on October 31. Among the many wreaths, there was one from British Captain R. E. Wilson, whom Boelcke had shot down on September 2 and whom Boelcke had hosted in the squadron mess before returning the British flier to captivity as a POW; the wreath was also from three of Wilson's fellow prisoners; its ribbon was addressed to "The opponent we admired and esteemed so highly". Another wreath of British origin had been air dropped at the authorization of the Royal Flying Corps; it read "To the memory of Captain Boelcke, our brave and chivalrous opponent". Rupprecht, Crown Prince of Bavaria attended the ceremony and two generals spoke at the service. Richthofen preceded the coffin from the cathedral, displaying Boelcke's decorations. The sun broke through the gloom as the coffin was placed on a gun caisson. Idling aircraft criss-crossed overhead in tribute. The journey to a waiting train passed through an honor guard to the sound of rifle salutes, followed by a hymn. The train crept away through Magdeburg and Halberstadt to Dessau. When the train arrived in Dessau the next day, Boelcke was taken to his home church, Saint John's and laid out before the altar, attended by an honor guard of decorated sergeant pilots. Condolences, decorations and honors flooded in from the crowned heads of Europe. When the funeral service was held on the afternoon of November 2, the crowd was packed with royalty, generals and nobility. General Moriz Von Lyncker gave Boelcke's funeral oration, followed by a speech by Lieth-Thomsen. Oswald Boelcke was buried in the Ehrenfriedhof (Cemetery Of Honor) in Hamburg, German Empire. Oswald Boelcke was born in Giebichenstein, Province of Saxony, Prussia; near Halle (Saale) (now a city district of Halle, Germany). He was the first person to formalize the rules of aerial combat, which he presented as the Dicta Boelcke, or The Dicta of Boelcke. Boelcke was credited with 40 aerial combat victories, and was one of the most influential patrol leaders and tacticians of the early years of air combat. Boelcke is honored as the father of the German fighter air force. The German flying ace Manfred Von Richthofen (The Red Baron) had been taught by Boelcke. Boelcke fulfilled his childhood dream of a military career by joining the Imperial German Army in July 1912. He followed his interest in aviation, learning to fly as World War I began. After duty as an observer during 1914, he became one of the original fighter pilots during 1915. He and Max Immelmann were the first German fighter pilots awarded the Pour le Merite. When Immelmann was killed in combat in June 1916, the German high command grounded Boelcke after his 19th victory. During his month's forced grounding, he was tasked to help transform the Army's Fliegertruppe (Flying Troops) air arm into the Luftstreitkrafte (Air Force) by October 1916. His innovative turn of mind codified his combat experiences into the first ever manual of fighter tactics distributed to an air force, the Dicta Boelcke. The Dicta promulgated axioms for individual pilot success, as well as a requirement for teamwork directed by a formation's leader. Present day tactics manuals stem from the Dicta. After a month's holiday leave spent on a military inspection tour of Turkish facilities, Boelcke was picked to lead one of Germany's first fighter squadrons, Jagdstaffel 2 (Fighter Squadron 2, also known as Jasta 2, Jagdstaffel Zwei in full, and Jasta Boelcke). By the end of the war, this squadron had 25 aces in its ranks, and four of its members became generals during World War II. During the short time before his death, Boelcke became the world's leading fighter pilot, scoring 21 more victories while commanding Jagdstaffel 2. https://store.earthstation1.com/top-gun-and-beyond-dvd-1988-fighter-aircraft-combat-capabi1988.html

Today's EarthStation1.com #OnThisDay Commemorative Memorial Title: China In Revolution 1911-1949 TV Series DVD, Download, USB Flash Drive
Today, October 18, 2025
October 28, 1945: #DOTD: Kesago Nakajima, lieutenant general in the Imperial Japanese Army during the Second Sino-Japanese War who has been implicated in the Nanjing massacre of December 1937 committed by Japanese forces under Nakajima's command (b. June 15, 1881) #dies aged 64 of uspecified causes at an undisclosed location in The Empire Of Japan, less than a week before the Japanese empire officially ended and the Occupation Of Japan government began on September 2, 1945; the mystery of the exact circumstances of his death has led to speculation that he committed seppuku (Japanese: "Cutting [The] Belly", i.e. ritual suicide) rather than submit to occupation rule. His burial details are likewise not publicly disclosed. Kesago Nakajima was born Nakajima Kesago in Oita prefecture, Japan. His wartime diary, published in 1985, has proved to be an important source of evidence for the events of the Nanjing massacre. A native of Oita prefecture, Nakajima attended military preparatory schools as a youth, and graduated from the 15th class of the Imperial Japanese Army Academy in 1903. He served in combat in the Russo-Japanese War. After the war, he attended the Army War College (Japan), and graduated from the 25th class in 1913. From July 1918 to May 1923, he was stationed in France as a military attache. He was promoted to major general in April 1932 and was appointed commander of the Maizuru Army District, responsible for the defenses of Honshu's coast along the Sea of Japan. Nakajima served as commandant of the Narashino Chemical Warfare School from 1933 to 1936. In March 1936, he was promoted to lieutenant general and was appointed a Provost Marshal. With the start of the Second Sino-Japanese War, Nakajima was appointed commander of the IJA 16th Division, and participated in the Second Shanghai Incident and operations in Hebei, China. Under the elderly General Iwane Matsui, Nakajima was named Operational Commander in the Battle of Nanjing in late-1937 and was thus the senior officer (aside from the nominal commander in chief Prince Asaka) at the time of the Nanjing massacre. His wartime diary, published in 1985, has proved to be an important source of evidence for the events of the Nanjing massacre. Nakaijma was subsequently at the Battle of Wuhan before being transferred to take command of the Japanese Fourth Army in Manchukuo from 1938 to 1939. Recalled to Japan in 1939, Nakajima retired in September 1939. https://store.earthstation1.com/china-in-revolution-19111949-dvd-2-part-tv-documenta191119492.html

Today's EarthStation1.com #OnThisDay Commemorative Memorial Title: Brute Force: Aircraft Carriers George C. Scott DVD MP4 Video Download
Today, October 18, 2025
( #JCKaelin here: Today a day to bow our heads in remembrance of a man born and raised in Bayonne, the hometown of EarthStation1 MediaOutlet - the man whose single day of combat changed the entire course of World War II! ) ========= October 28, 2001: #DOTD: #RIP: Richard Halsey Best, dive bomber pilot and squadron commander in the United States Navy during World War II (b. March 24, 1910) dies at the age of 91 in Santa Monica, California. He is buried at Arlington National Cemetery in Arlington, Virginia. Stationed on the aircraft carrier USS Enterprise, Best led Bombing Squadron Six (VB-6) of the American aircraft carrier USS Enterprise at the 1942 Battle of Midway, sinking two Japanese aircraft carriers in one day - the Akagi, flagship of Japan's First Air Fleet, and the Hiryu of the First Air Fleet (same fleet and ships that attacked Pearl Harbor) - while flying a Douglas SBD Dauntless dive bomber, before being medically retired that same year due to damaging his lungs breathing bad oxygen during the battle. Richard Halsey Best was born in Bayonne, New Jersey, to Frank Ellsworth Best and Euretta L. Halsey. Best was appointed to the United States Naval Academy (USNA) in 1928, and graduated with honors in 1932. He served for two years aboard the light cruiser USS Richmond. In 1934 he was transferred to the Naval Air Station Pensacola, Florida, as a naval aviation student. He completed his flight training in December 1935. His first assignment was Fighting Squadron Two (VF-2B) aboard the aircraft carrier USS Lexington, flying the Grumman F2F. In June 1938, Best was given the choice to either join a patrol squadron at Panama or Hawaii, or become a flight instructor at Pensacola: he chose Pensacola, and was assigned to instruct Training Squadron Five. Anticipating what was probably coming, after a year and some months of instructing, Best decided that he could be of most use as a dive bomber pilot. He put in a request for a transfer to the Pacific Fleet in that capacity. On May 31, 1940, Best received orders to join Bombing Squadron Six (VB-6), which was assigned to the aircraft carrier USS Enterprise and got his chance to fly the Douglas SBD Dauntless dive bomber. The SBD ("Scout Bomber Douglas") was the United States Navy's main carrier-based scout/dive bomber from mid-1940 through mid-1944. Upon arrival at the squadron's base on land, Naval Air Station North Island, California, on June 10, Best was made flight officer (operations officer) of the squadron, who was third-in-command. By early 1942, after the war in the Pacific had begun, he had advanced to executive officer (XO), a standard navy term for second-in-command, under his close friend and USNA classmate, William Hollingsworth, known as "Holly," as commander. Best subsequently became squadron commander in time for the Battle of Midway. On December 7, 1941, Best was aboard Enterprise awaiting her return to port when he learned (along with most of VB-6) that several of his squadmates on morning search had flown into the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor. That evening, he flew in the first Enterprise strike of the war as one of six SBDs carrying smoke generators. His group was tasked with providing cover for Lieutenant Eugene E. Lindsey's torpedo bombers should they find the Japanese carriers. However, the strike found nothing, and Best's group returned to Enterprise without incident, although he later called the resulting night landing "the worst...of 330 carrier landings." Best saw his first real combat on February 1, 1942, flying in two strikes against the Marshall Islands. At dawn, he led VB-6's second division as part of a full-scale strike against Japanese shipping off Kwajalein. Before noon, he led eight SBDs from VB-6 and one from VS-6 to attack Taroa Island, Maloelap Atoll, a mission that would cost him one plane. On February 24, 1942, Best took part in the attack of Wake Island by the Enterprise Air Group, and on March 4 Marcus Island was attacked. After these raids Enterprise returned to Pearl Harbor and accompanied USS Hornet during the Doolittle Raid in mid-April. Both carriers then sped to the south, but were too late to take part in the Battle Of The Coral Sea. Both carriers and their sister ship USS Yorktown were then recalled to participate in what was to be the Battle of Midway. After contact reports from Midway-based PBY Catalina patrol aircraft on the morning of June 4, 1942, Enterprise started to launch her air group starting at 07:06. Under the overall command of the air group commander (CEAG) Lt.Cdr. Wade McClusky were 14 TBD-1 Devastator torpedo bombers of Torpedo Squadron 6 (VT-6), 34 SBDs of VB-6 and VS-6, and ten F4F-4 Wildcat fighters of Fighting Squadron 6 (VF-6). However, the squadrons became separated and reached the Japanese independently. Only the dive bombers stayed together and reached the Japanese by 09:55. At about 10:22, the Enterprise dive bombers (minus three that had dropped out with engine trouble) started to attack the two nearest Japanese carriers, Kaga and Akagi. At this point, the attack became confused, as all 31 remaining Dauntlesses moved to attack Kaga. Best expected to attack according to U.S. dive bomber doctrine, which stated that the trailing squadron (VB-6) would attack the nearer target (in this case Kaga), while the leading squadron (VS-6) would take the farther of the two (here Akagi). However, McClusky, who had been a fighter pilot before becoming CEAG, was apparently unaware of this, and decided to lead VS-6 against Kaga. As the leading squadron dove past him, Best realized what was happening and broke off to attack Akagi. However, most of VB-6 missed his signal to abort and continued their dives on Kaga. Left with only his two wingmen, Best now had just three planes to attack Akagi. Best's three SBDs launched their attack at 10:26am. The first bomb, dropped by Lieutenant(jg) Edwin John Kroeger, hit the water opposite the carrier's bridge. The second bomb, dropped by Best, punched through the flight deck and exploded in the upper hangar, in the middle of 18 Nakajima B5N2 planes parked there. The third bomb, dropped by Ensign Frederick Thomas Weber, exploded in the water, near the stern, jamming Akagi's rudder. Although only Best's bomb struck the Akagi, which ignited fuel and ordnance in the confined hangar deck, it was enough to doom the Japanese flagship carrier. Later that day, Best participated in the attack on the last remaining Japanese carrier, Hiryu, possibly scoring one of the four hits that sank her. Best's gunner, James Francis Murray, believed that he "saw the flash of [Best's] bomb through the smoke as it struck [Hiryu] amidships forward of the island." After the battle, Best was awarded the Navy Cross and the Distinguished Flying Cross. The Citation said "Defying extreme danger from concentrated anti-aircraft barrage and powerful fighter opposition, Lieutenant Commander Best, with bold determination and courageous zeal, led his squadron in dive-bombing assaults against Japanese naval units. Flying at a distance from his own forces which rendered return unlikely because of probable fuel exhaustion, he pressed home his attacks with extreme disregard for his own personal safety. His gallant intrepidity and loyal devotion to duty contributed greatly to the success of our forces and were in keeping with the highest traditions of the United States Naval Service". According to Stephen L. Moore, Best may have been "the first pilot to successfully bomb two Japanese carriers in one day". Considering this unique accomplishment, Admiral Thomas Moorer and Vice Admiral William D. Houser made a serious but unsuccessful effort to recommend Best for the Medal Of Honor after Best's death in 2001. June 4, 1942, was the last day Best flew for the U.S. Navy. Just after Best landed on Enterprise, he began to cough up blood. Over the next twenty-four hours, his hemoptysis (coughing up blood) continued. He became acutely ill with a temperature of 103 _F (39 _C), and was admitted to Pearl Harbor Hospital. Back in Pearl Harbor, Best was examined by the flight surgeon. During the morning flight on June 4 flying at 20,000 ft (6,100 m) several VB-6 pilots encountered difficulties with oxygen supply, so Best gave the order to reduce the altitude to 15,000 ft (4,600 m). The oxygen rebreather of Best's SBD had become heated during the unusually long search on the morning mission on June 4. The material used in the rebreather to remove exhaled carbon dioxide was sodium hydroxide. If the device containing this material were abnormally heated, it could release caustic soda fumes through the pilot's oxygen mask; consequently Best had inhaled caustic fumes. Sometime in the past, Best had contracted latent tuberculosis, which remained in his lungs in an inactive state for years. The inhaled caustic fumes caused an aspiration pneumonia and eroded away a tuberculosis granuloma, transforming the inactive form of the organism into an active form, resulting in the progression from latent TB infection to TB disease. Best was transferred from Pearl Harbor Hospital to Fitzsimons General Hospital in Aurora, Colorado, where he received proper treatment for his tuberculosis. Best was hospitalized in Fitzsimons Hospital until September 1943. He retired from the U.S. Navy in 1944 with a 100% disability. After his retirement from the Navy, Best moved to Santa Monica, California, where he lived for the rest of his life. After discharge from the hospital, Best worked in a small research division of the Douglas Aircraft Corporation. This division became part of the Rand Corporation in December 1948, where Best headed the security department until his retirement in March 1975. Best wrote the preface to the manual of Battlehawks 1942 flight simulation video game released in 1988 by LucasFilm Games. He died on October 28, 2001 and was buried at Arlington National Cemetery. Best was married and had a daughter (Barbara Ann Llewellyn), a son (Richard Halsey Best II), a grandson, and a step-daughter (Amy Best). Best was 91 years old. Best was portrayed in the 2019 film Midway by Ed Skrein. https://store.earthstation1.com/brute-force-aircraft-carriers-george-c-scott-dvd-mp4-video-downloa4.html

Today's EarthStation1.com #OnThisDay Commemorative Memorial Title: Our Hospitality (1923) Buster Keaton Carl Davis DVD, Download, USB
Today, October 18, 2025
October 28, 1936: #BOTD: #HBD! Carl Davis, American-born English conductor and composer (d. August 3, 2023) is #born into a Jewish family in Brooklyn, New York City. Carl Davis CBE (Commander Of The British Empire) has made his home in the United Kingdom since 1961. In 1970 he married the English actress Jean Boht. He has written music for more than 100 television programmes, including The World At War (1973-74), The Naked Civil Servant (1975), Shades of Greene (1975), The Kiss of Death (1977), Langrishe, Go Down (1978), Prince Regent (1979), Private Schulz (1980), Oppenheimer (1980), Winston Churchill: The Wilderness Years (1981), The Hound of the Baskervilles (1982), The Far Pavilions (1984), The Day the Universe Changed (1985), Ashenden (1991), Pride And Prejudice (1995), Anne Frank Remembered (1995) Coming Home (1998) and Upstairs Downstairs (2010). He is also well known for creating music to accompany silent films. He collaborated with Paul McCartney in the creation of the Liverpool Oratorio. Davis died from a brain hemorrhage in Oxford, England, aged 86. His burial details are not publicly disclosed. https://store.earthstation1.com/our-hospitality-buster-keaton-score-by-carl-davis-dvd.html

Today's EarthStation1.com #OnThisDay Commemorative Memorial Title: An Ocean Apart: US-UK Relations TV Series + Profumo Affair MP4 DVD Set
Today, October 18, 2025
October 28, 1938: #BOTD: #HBD! David Dimbleby, English journalist and presenter of current affairs and political programmes, now best known for the BBC's long running Question Time television series, is #born in Surrey, South East England. He is the son of Richard Dimbleby and elder brother of Jonathan Dimbleby. Long involved in the coverage of national events, Dimbleby hosted the BBC Election Night coverage from 1979 to 2017, as well as United States presidential elections on the BBC until 2016. He has also presented and narrated documentary series on architecture and history. https://store.earthstation1.com/an-ocean-apart-us-uk-relations-tv-series-profumo-affair-mp4-dvd-set.html

Today's EarthStation1.com #OnThisDay Commemorative Memorial Title: Triumph Of The West 13 Part TV Documentary Series DVD, Download, USB
Today, October 18, 2025
October 28, 1704: #DOTD: #RIP: John Locke, English philosopher, physician, pioneer in modern political thinking, widely regarded as one of the most influential of Enlightenment thinkers and commonly known as the "Father of Liberalism" (b. August 29, 1632) #dies of natural causes brought on by asthma at the age of 72 in High Laver, a village and civil parish in the Epping Forest district of the county of Essex, England. He is buried in High Laver churchyard. Born in Wrington, England, John Locke FRS is considered one of the first of the British empiricists, following the tradition of Sir Francis Bacon, and he is equally important to social contract theory. His work greatly affected the development of epistemology and political philosophy. His writings influenced Voltaire and Jean-Jacques Rousseau, many Scottish Enlightenment thinkers, as well as the American revolutionaries. His contributions to classical republicanism and liberal theory are reflected in the United States Declaration Of Independence. His ideas greatly influenced American colonists, namely that rulers derive their power only from the consent of the governed: and the doctrine that men naturally possess certain rights, the chief being life, liberty, and property. Locke's theory of mind is often cited as the origin of modern conceptions of identity and the self, figuring prominently in the work of later philosophers such as David Hume, Rousseau, and Immanuel Kant. Locke was the first to define the self through a continuity of consciousness. He postulated that, at birth, the mind was a blank slate or tabula rasa. Contrary to Cartesian philosophy based on pre-existing concepts, he maintained that we are born without innate ideas, and that knowledge is instead determined only by experience derived from sense perception. This is now known as empiricism. An example of Locke's belief in empiricism can be seen in his quote, "whatever I write, as soon as I discover it not to be true, my hand shall be the forwardest to throw it into the fire." This shows the ideology of science in his observations in that something must be capable of being tested repeatedly and that nothing is exempt from being disproven. Challenging the work of others, Locke is said to have established the method of introspection, or observing the emotions and behaviours of one's self. https://store.earthstation1.com/triumph-of-the-west-tv-series-5-dual-layer-dvds-all-13-sh513.html

Today's EarthStation1.com #OnThisDay Commemorative Memorial Title: The Morey Amsterdam Show Early TV Series DVD, MP4 Download, USB Drive
Today, October 18, 2025
October 28, 1996: #DOTD: #RIP: Morey Amsterdam, American actor, singer, comedian, cellist, songwriter and screenwriter, best known for the role of Buddy Sorrell on CBS' The Dick Van Dyke Show from 1961 to 1966 (b. December 14, 1908) #dies at Cedars Sinai Hospital in Los Angeles, California at the age of 87, due to a heart attack. He is entombed at Forest Lawn - Hollywood Hills Cemetery in Los Angeles. Morey Amsterdam was born in Chicago, Illinois to Jewish immigrants from Austria-Hungary. He began working in vaudeville in 1922 as the straight man for his older brother's jokes. By 1924, he was working in a speakeasy operated by Al Capone. After being caught in the middle of a gunfight, Amsterdam moved to California and worked writing jokes, which earned him the nickname The Human Joke Machine. He sometimes performed with a mock machine on his chest, hanging by a strap. He turned a hand crank and paper rolled out; he would then pretend to read the machine's joke, although actually the paper was blank. Amsterdam's most famous achievement as a songwriter was as the credited lyricist on the 1945 Andrews Sisters hit "Rum and Coca-Cola". However, the original version of the song was written and performed by a Trinidadian calypso singer named Lord Invader. Lord Invader was given a substantial royalty payment for having written the original lyric to the piece, while Amsterdam retained the credit (and the publishing rights) for his revised version of the lyric. In the early 1940s, he was a screenwriter, contributing dialogue for two East Side Kids films. He is listed as screenwriter for the 1943 film The Ghost and the Guest and 1944's Bowery Champs. By 1947, he was performing on three daily radio shows. Beginning in 1948, he appeared on the radio show Stop Me If You've Heard This One. The Morey Amsterdam Show aired on CBS radio from July 10, 1948, to February 15, 1949. For three months, it was on both radio and television with different scripts for the same premise and cast. He also did a radio show called the Laugh and Swing Club, broadcasting from the Filmart Theater on Vine Street in Hollywood, in the late 1940s and early 1950s. The Morey Amsterdam Show ran on CBS TV from December 1948 to March 1949 and on DuMont from April 1949 to October 1950. Among Morey's regular guests was song-and-dance man Art Carney. The cigarette girl was future author of Valley of the Dolls, Jacqueline Susann, wife of the producer of the show, Irving Mansfield. Jazz musician Johnny Guarneri led the band. https://store.earthstation1.com/the-morey-amsterdam-show-dual-layer-dvd-old-time-tv.html

Today's EarthStation1.com #OnThisDay Commemorative Memorial Title: Jerry Lee Lewis: I Am What I Am DVD, Video Download, USB Flash Drive
Today, October 18, 2025
October 28, 2022: #DOTD: #RIP: Jerry Lee Lewis, American rock 'n' roll and rockabilly pioneer, pianist, singer and songwriter. nicknamed "Killer" and dubbed "Rock 'N' Roll's First Great Wild Man" (b. September 29, 1935) #dies at his home in Nesbit, Mississippi of pneumonia at the age of 87. Lewis' funeral was held on November 5, 2022, in his hometown of Ferriday, Louisiana. The service was officiated by his cousin Jimmy Swaggart and Swaggart's son. He is buried at the Herron Family Cemetery in Clayton, Louisiana. Jerry Lee Lewis was born in Ferriday, Louisiana into an impoverished farming family in Eastern Louisiana. In his youth, he began playing the piano with two of his cousins, Mickey Gilley (later a popular country music singer) and Jimmy Swaggart (later a popular televangelist). Lewis made his first recordings in 1952 at Cosimo Matassa's J & M Studio in New Orleans, Louisiana, and early recordings in 1956 at Sun Records in Memphis, Tennessee. "Crazy Arms" sold 300,000 copies in the Southern United States, but it was his 1957 hit "Whole Lotta Shakin' Goin' On" that shot Lewis to worldwide fame. He followed this with the major hits "Great Balls of Fire", "Breathless", and "High School Confidential". His rock and roll career faltered in the wake of his marriage to Myra Gale Brown, his 13-year-old first cousin once removed. His popularity quickly eroded following the scandal, and with few exceptions, such as a cover of Ray Charles's "What'd I Say", he did not have much chart success in the early 1960s. His live performances at this time were increasingly wild and energetic. His 1964 live album Live at the Star Club, Hamburg is regarded by many music journalists and fans as one of the wildest and greatest live rock albums ever. In 1968, Lewis made a transition into country music and had hits with songs such as "Another Place, Another Time". This reignited his career, and throughout the late 1960s and 1970s, he regularly topped the country-western charts; throughout his seven-decade career, Lewis had 30 songs reach the Top 10 on the Billboard Country and Western Chart. His No. 1 country hits included "To Make Love Sweeter for You", "There Must Be More to Love Than This", "Would You Take Another Chance on Me", and "Me and Bobby McGee". Lewis's successes continued throughout the decades, and he embraced his rock and roll past with songs such as a cover of The Big Bopper's "Chantilly Lace" and Mack Vickery's "Rockin' My Life Away". In the 21st century, Lewis continued to tour worldwide and released new albums. His 2006 album Last Man Standing was his best-selling release, with over a million copies worldwide. This was followed by Mean Old Man in 2010, another of his bestselling albums. Lewis had a dozen gold records in rock and country. He won four Grammy awards, including a Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award and two Grammy Hall of Fame Awards. Lewis was inducted into the inaugural class of The Rock And Roll Hall Of Fame in 1986, and his pioneering contribution to the genre was recognized by the Rockabilly Hall of Fame. He was also a member of the inaugural class inducted into the Memphis Music Hall of Fame. He was inducted into the Country Music Hall of Fame in 2022. In 1989, his life was chronicled in the movie Great Balls of Fire, starring Dennis Quaid. In 2003, Rolling Stone listed his box set All Killer, No Filler: The Anthology at number 242 on their list of "500 Greatest Albums of All Time". In 2004, they ranked him No. 24 on their list of the 100 Greatest Artists of All Time. Lewis was the last surviving member of Sun Records' Million Dollar Quartet and the album Class of '55, which also included Johnny Cash, Carl Perkins, Roy Orbison, and Elvis Presley. https://store.earthstation1.com/jerry-lee-lewis-i-am-what-i-am-19871987.html

Today's EarthStation1.com #OnThisDay Commemorative Memorial Title: British Rock: The First Wave DVD, MP4 Video Download. USB Flash Drive
Today, October 18, 2025
October 28, 1945: #BOTD: #HBD! Wayne Fontana, English rock and pop singer, best known for the 1965 hit "The Game Of Love" with The Mindbenders (d. August 6, 2020) is #born Glyn Geoffrey Ellis in Levenshulme, Manchester, Lancashire, and took his stage name from John Wayne and Elvis Presley's drummer, D. J. Fontana. In June 1963 he formed his backing group, The Mindbenders, and secured a recording contract with, coincidentally, Fontana Records. With the band, Fontana released his biggest single "The Game Of Love" and after several less successful singles he left the band in October 1965. He reportedly quit during a concert performance. Fontana remained under contract to the label after parting with The Mindbenders and soldiered on alone, using musicians working under the name of the Opposition, notably Frank Renshaw (lead guitar), Bernie Burns (drums), Stuart Sirret (bass), and Phil Keen (drums), among others. Sometimes the band was billed as The Mindbenders, sometimes just as the Wayne Fontana Band. Struggling to achieve chart success, Fontana recorded a number of songs by outside writers with B-sides being mostly his own compositions. Fontana's biggest solo single, "Pamela, Pamela", written by Graham Gouldman, reached No. 5 in Australia's Kent Music Report and No. 11 on the UK Singles Chart in early 1967. It was his last single to chart in the UK. The later singles included another Gouldman composition, "The Impossible Years". In 1970 he was one of the first performers at the Glastonbury Festival. After a streak of flopped releases, Fontana took a break in 1970. In 1973, trying to re-launch his career, Fontana recorded yet another Gouldman song, "Together". It was backed with an original song, "One-Man Woman", that was co-produced with Eric Stewart, an ex-bandmate from The Mindbenders. The single failed to chart. After his last single, "The Last Bus Home", released by Polydor in 1976, he largely left the music business. He told the Daily Express in 2017, "I went into self-retirement, drank too much and didn't know where I was half the time." After giving up drinking he joined the 60s revival circuit. In 2005, he fought off bankruptcy but was arrested after police were called by bailiffs who went to his home in Glossop, Derbyshire. He poured petrol onto the bonnet of a bailiff's car and set it alight with the bailiff still inside. Fontana was remanded in custody on 25 May 2007. He later appeared at Derby Crown Court dressed as Lady Justice, complete with a sword, scales, crown, cape and dark glasses, and claiming "justice is blind". He dismissed his lawyers. On 10 November 2007 he was sentenced to 11 months for setting fire to the car but was released because he had already served the equivalent of the term, having been held under the Mental Health Act 1983. In March 2011 Fontana was arrested at the Palace Theatre, Manchester, after failing to appear in court in Wakefield, over an unpaid speeding fine. Fontana continued to perform, notably in the Solid Silver 60s Shows. Fontana died from cancer in Stockport, England at the age of 74. His long-term partner was by his side. He had a daughter and two sons. His burial details are not publicly disclosed. https://store.earthstation1.com/british-rock-the-first-wave-dvd.html

Today's EarthStation1.com #OnThisDay Commemorative Memorial Title: The Struggles For Poland TV Series + Bonus MP4 Video Download DVD Set
Today, October 18, 2025
October 28, 1918: The Aftermath Of World War I: 20th Century Revolutions: The Revolutions Of 1917-1923: The Interwar Period (The Aftermath Of World War I, The Interbellum, Between The Wars): The Ukrainian War Of Independence (The Ukrainian-Soviet War): The Polish-Ukrainian War: -- A new Polish government is established in western Galicia (formerly Austrian-ruled southern Poland), a historical and geographic region spanning what is now southeastern Poland and western Ukraine, originally an administrative region of the Habsburg monarchy, constituted from the territory annexed in the course of the Third Partition of Poland in 1795. Centres of government that formed in Galicia by the closing days of World War I included the National Council of the Principality of Cieszyn (established in November 1918); the Republic of Zakopane (The Commonwealth of Zakopane, an area in Galicia centered on the city of Zakopane that created its own parliament ("National Organisation") on October 13, 1918; and the Polish Liquidation Committee (The Polish Liquidation Committee of Galicia and Cieszyn Silesia) created by Polish members of the Austrian parliament on October 28. In reaction to these events, the Polish-Ukrainian War broke out in Lwow (November 1, 1918) between forces of the Military Committee Of Ukrainians and the Polish irregular units made up of students known as the Lwow Eaglets, who were later supported by the Second Polish Republic Army. The Polish-Ukrainian War quickly evolved into a conflict between the Second Polish Republic and Ukrainian forces (both the West Ukrainian People's Republic and Ukrainian People's Republic). The conflict had its roots in ethnic, cultural and political differences between the Polish and Ukrainian populations living in the region, as Poland and both Ukrainian republics were successor states to the dissolved Russian and Austrian empires. https://store.earthstation1.com/the-struggles-for-poland-dvd-set-all-9-shows-5-dis95.html

Today's EarthStation1.com #OnThisDay Commemorative Memorial Title: Demon Rum: Prohibition In America DVD, Video Download, USB Flash Drive
Today, October 18, 2025
October 28, 1919: The Interwar Period (The Aftermath Of World War I, The Interbellum, Between The Wars): The Roaring Twenties (The Age Of Ballyhoo): Prohibition Of Alcohol: Prohibition In The United States (The Prohibition Era): The National Prohibition Act (The Volstead Act): -- Over President Woodrow Wilson's sagacious veto, the U.S. Congress passes The National Prohibition Act, known informally as the Volstead Act, enacted to carry out Prohibition, the intent of the Eighteenth Amendment, by prohbiting "the manufacture, sale, or transportation of intoxicating liquors within, the importation thereof into, or the exportation thereof from the United States and all the territory subject to the jurisdiction thereof for beverage purposes" beginning the following January. The Anti-Saloon League's Wayne Wheeler conceived and drafted the bill, which was named for Andrew Volstead, Chairman of the House Judiciary Committee, who managed the legislation. https://store.earthstation1.com/demon-rum-dvd-american-alcohol-prohibition.html

Today's EarthStation1.com #OnThisDay Commemorative Memorial Title: Race Cartoons Film Collection DVD, Video Download, USB Flash Drive
Today, October 18, 2025
October 28, 1983: #DOTD: #RIP: Otto Messmer, American cartoonist and animator, best known for his work on the Felix The Cat cartoons and comic strip produced by the Pat Sullivan studio (b. August 16, 1892) #dies at Holy Name Medical Center in Teaneck, New Jersey on October 28, 1983, aged 91. He is buried at Madonna Cemetery And Mausoleum in Fort Lee, New Jersey. Born Otto James Messmer in West Hoboken, New Jersey (now Union City), the extent of Messmer's role in the creation and popularity of Felix is a matter of ongoing dispute, particularly as he only laid his claim to the character after the death of Sullivan, who until that time had received the credit. Felix was the first cartoon character created and developed for the screen, as well as the first to become a licensed, mass merchandised character. Sullivan took the credit for Felix, and though Messmer directed and was the lead animator on all of the episodes he appeared in, Sullivan's name was the only onscreen credit that appeared in them. Messmer also oversaw the direction of the Felix newspaper strip, doing most of the pencils and inks on the strip until 1954. By the 1960s, Felix had been reinvented for television, and Messmer's longtime assistant Joe Oriolo (the creator of Casper the Friendly Ghost) made sure that Messmer was finally credited as the creator of Felix The Cat. Messmer continued working on the character for the rest of his life. https://store.earthstation1.com/race-cartoons-dvd-dual-layer-all-regions.html

Today's EarthStation1.com #OnThisDay Commemorative Memorial Title: Portraits Of American Presidents Nos. 1-42 TV Series MP4 Download DVD
Today, October 18, 2025
October 28, 1818: #DOTD: #RIP: Abigail Adams, American writer, wife and closest advisor of John Adams, as well as the mother of John Quincy Adams, second First Lady Of The United States (FLOTUS) and first Second Lady Of The United States (SLOTUS), regarded as a "Founding Mother Of The United States" (although these titles were not used during her lifetime) (b. November 22, 1744) #dies in her home of typhoid fever aged 73 years old, exactly two weeks shy of her 74th birthday. Her last words were, "Do not grieve, my friend, my dearest friend. I am ready to go. And John, it will not be long." Less than eight years later, on July 4, 1826, the fiftieth anniversary of the Declaration Of Independence, her husband died of heart failure at the age of 90. She is buried beside her husband and near their son John Quincy and his wife Louisa in a crypt located in the United First Parish Church (also known as the "Church of the Presidents") in Quincy, Massachusetts. She was born Abigail Smith at the North Parish Congregational Church in Weymouth, Massachusetts. She and Barbara Bush are the only two women to be the wife of one U.S. president and the mother of another. Adams's life is one of the most documented of the First Ladies: she is remembered for the many letters she wrote to her husband while he stayed in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, during the Continental Congresses. John frequently sought the advice of Abigail on many matters, and their letters are filled with intellectual discussions on government and politics. Her letters also serve as eyewitness accounts of the American Revolutionary War home front. https://store.earthstation1.com/portraits-of-american-presidents-nos-142-tv-series-mp4-download1424.html

Today's EarthStation1.com #OnThisDay Commemorative Memorial Title: Jack Paar Late-Night TV Talk Shows DVD, MP4 Download, USB Flash Drive
Today, October 18, 2025
October 28, 1914: #BOTD: #HBD! Dody Goodman, American character actress, dancer and comedian (d. June 22, 2008) is #born Dolores Goodman in Columbus, Ohio. She played the mother of the title character in the television series Mary Hartman, Mary Hartman, her distinctive high-pitched voice announcing the show's title at the beginning of each episode. She was a frequent guest on The Tonight Show in the 1950s at the invitation of its then host Jack Paar, who became enchanted with her ditzy persona and seemingly spontaneous malaprops. She was also acast member of The Mary Tyler Moore Hour in 1979. Aside from film and television appearances, she also voiced Miss Miller in the television series Alvin and the Chipmunks and the film spin-off The Chipmunk Adventure. Dody Goodman died of natural causes at Englewood Hospital and Medical Center in Englewood, New Jersey, after having lived at the Lillian Booth Actors Home since October 2007, aged 93. She is buried at Randolph Cemetery in Randolph, New York. https://store.earthstation1.com/jack-paar-tv-shows-old-time-television-dual-layer-dvd.html

Today's EarthStation1.com #OnThisDay Commemorative Memorial Title: Stalin 1992 Robert Duvall Julia Ormond Maximilian Schell MP4 DVD Set
Today, October 18, 2025
October 28, 1929: #BOTD: #HBD! Joan Plowright, English actress whose career has spanned over seven decades, wife of Sir Laurence Olivier from 1961 until his death in 1989, is #born Joan Ann Plowright in Brigg, Lincolnshire, East Midlands of England. Joan Ann Olivier, Dowager Baroness Olivier, DBE (Dame Commander Of The Most Excellent Order Of The British Empire), professionally known as Dame Joan Plowright, has won two Golden Globe Awards and a Tony Award and has been nominated for an Academy Award, an Emmy and two BAFTA Awards. She was the second of only four actresses (as of 2020) to have won two Golden Globes in the same year. She won the Laurence Olivier Award for Actress of the Year in a New Play in 1978 for Filumena. Plowright died at Denville Hall in Northwood, London, aged 95. She is buried in The Poets Corner in Westminster Abbey, where her husband Laurence Olivier is buried. https://store.earthstation1.com/stalin-1992-robert-duvall-julia-ormond-maximilian-schell-mp4-dvd-set.html